Analyse of Measurement of Corruption in Slovenia.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to analyse the research of corruption which were made after 1991 in Slovenia. Design/Methodology/Approach: We will use methodological analyses of accessible literature as well as direct and indirect measurements of corruption. Findings: We found that corruption became a major subject of criminological literature and research after 2000 and has become one of the main themes being considered in many articles, debates, the most probing congresses and specialist journals. Further still, we found that there have many instances of this research. Today, corruption is not understood as simply a classic crime of active and passive bribing, but as a wide spectre of prohibited actions inside and outside the field of criminal law. There is a need to point out that the science after 2000 endeavours to accurately define corruption and measure it as successfully as possible. It is only with such accurate measurement that we can start to get as close as possible to the real numbers of corruption cases in the world and in individual countries regarding the causes and extent of corruption and the necessary definitive tools for its prevention. hi debating corrupt-ion, we usually focus on our convictions that this phenomenon is hard to detect and almost impossible to measure. Corruption fits in with other obscure (dark) fields of criminal offences which are not easily to discover or to prevent. Because of that, we are trying to discover and prove the difference between actual numbers of corruption - by direct measuring (police statistics of corruption offences) and subjective perceptions of people concerning the scope of corruption - and by indirect measuring (research about people opinions concerning the scope of corruption). In analysing both statistics from the last 15 years we discover that corruption cases are increasing from year to year and that we have from year to year greater research numbers into corruption in Slovenia (there is almost a 100% growth in this research since the year 2000), and that there are the highest numbers of corruption cases in health care and public procurement. We also found out that this kind of analyses should also be made in comparable European countries, but unfortunately there differences in the definition of corruption from country to country. Originality/Value: This paper sigificantly present analyse of current state of corruption in the Republic of Slovenia by analysing accessible literature as well as direct and indirect measurements of corruption in the Republic of Slovenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Namen prispevka: Namen prispevka je analizirati raziskave, ki so bile opravijene po letu 1991 na področju korupcije v Sloveniji. Metodologija: Pri analizi borno uporabili rnetodološke analize neposrednega oziroma posrednega merjenja korupcije. Ugotovitve: Kot smo ugotovili, je od leta 2000 daije na področu kriminološke strokovne literature in raziskovanja postala korupcija ena izmed vodilnih tern, ki je obravnavana v člankih in razpravah, najbolj odmevnih kongresih, strokovnih revijah, pray tako pa so bile opravljene tudi številne raziskave. Korupcije danes ne razurnemo več samo kot klasično kaznivo dejanje aktivnega in pasivnega podkupovanja, ternveč kot širok spekter nedovoljenth dejavnosti znotraj pa tudi zunaj kazenskega prava. Potrebno je poudariti, da se od leta 2000 znanost prizadeva čim bolj natančno opredeliti korupcijo ter jo uspešno meriti. Uspešno v tern srnislu, da se z merjenjern poskušarno približati realni sliki v svetu oziroma po posarneznih dr~avah glede razširjenosti in vzrokov za korupcijo ter opredelitev kvalitetnih orodij za preprečevanje korupcije in boj proti le-tej. V razpravljanju o korupciji ponavadi izhajarno iz prepričanja, da gre za pojav, ki spada v ternno poije kaznivih dejanj, katerega je zelo težko odkriti in tako skoraj nemogoče empirično meriti. Takšno stanje pa tudi sami v predmetnern delu opažarno (in dokazujerno) razliko med dejanskirn izmerjenirn stanjern korupcije (neposredno merjenje - policijska statistika ovadenih korupcijskih kaznivih dejanj) in subjektivnim zaznavanjem Ijudi o obsegu korupcije (posredno merjenje - raziskave o subjektivnern mnenju Ijudi glede razširjenosti korupcije). Pri pregledu obeh vrst merjenj za 15 let nazaj smo ugotovili, da je korupcije oziroma korupcijskih kaznivth dejanj iz leta v leto več, da irnarno v Sloveniji iz leta v leto več rneijenj korupcije, predvsem pa to število poraste od leta 2000 za 100% in da je največ korupcije na področju zdravstva in javnih naročil. Pray tako ugotavijarno, da bi bib potrebno takšno vrsto analize opraviti tudi z primerijivimi evropskirni državarni, kar pa onernogočajo predvsem različne definicije korupcije in oblike teh dejanj. Izvixnost/pomembnost pnspevka: Prispevek pomembno predstavi analizo stanja korupcije po letu 1991 v Slooveniji preko analiziranja posrednega in neposrednega rnerjenja in pregleda literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]